Outline:

1 | Flight Review Basics (61.56)

A flight review is required by FAA regulation to keep a pilot certificate current. It is not a test, but a learning event.

• Must be completed every 24 calendar months. This keeps all pilots refreshed on core skills.

• Consists of at least 1 hour of ground and 1 hour of flight training. Ground covers rules; flight covers maneuvers.

• The regulation does not list exact maneuvers, giving the CFI flexibility. Instructors tailor the content to the pilot’s needs and flying habits.

• Goal: confirm the pilot can safely exercise certificate privileges.

2 | When a Flight Review Is NOT Required

There are several activities that substitute for a flight review, saving time and money.

• Passing any practical test (Private, Instrument, Commercial, ATP, or CFI) counts as a review. The checkride itself demonstrates proficiency.

• Completing a U.S. Armed Forces pilot proficiency check also qualifies.

• Completing a phase of the FAA WINGS program substitutes for a review. This encourages ongoing safety education.

• Student pilots with a current solo endorsement are covered until they upgrade to their next certificate..

3 | Guidance and Resources

Pilots and CFIs have multiple FAA tools to improve the quality of reviews.

• AC 61-98E (updated 2024) outlines expectations for flight reviews and IPCs. It includes suggested checklists and best practices.

• The AOPA Focused Flight Review program provides free scenarios built around risk management and proficiency.

• ACS documents (Private, Commercial, Instrument) can serve as ready-made checklists for ground and flight topics.

• Using these resources prevents “checkbox reviews” and builds more value into the session.

4 | Instructor Best Practices

CFIs should approach the review as custom training, not a pass/fail test.

• Set expectations early with the pilot. Explain what will be reviewed and why.

• Agree on goals so the review targets areas the pilot wants to strengthen.

• Plan next steps if weaknesses can’t be fixed in one flight. Offer a follow-up plan.

• Rule of thumb: add 1 extra hour for each year a pilot has been inactive. This keeps training realistic and effective.

  
  

5 | Regulatory Clarifications

Pilots and CFIs often confuse what “counts” toward a flight review.

• A rating (e.g., airplane single-engine land) is printed on the pilot certificate. Complex, tailwheel, and high-performance are endorsements, not ratings. They do not affect review currency.

• A medical certificate or BasicMed is not required to complete a flight review. A pilot can still train with an instructor.

• Per 61.51(e): A pilot may log PIC if they are rated in the aircraft and are sole manipulator of the controls, even without a current medical.

• These clarifications prevent common misunderstandings during training.